Report of the Political Bureau (March
1987)
Reproduced for Mass Distribution by the
Directorate for Social Mobilisation (MAMSER), PMB 27, Abuja (Nigeria)
256 pages
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PREFACE
Page 3: Report of the Political Bureau (March 1987)
On January 13, 1986 the Federal Military Government inaugurated a Political
Bureau to conduct a national debate on the political future of Nigeria. The
action of the Federal Military Government marked a significant milestone in the
history of Nigeria, as the activities of the Bureau legitimised public debate,
encouraged open discussion of issues of historical relevance and re-awakened the
democratic spirit.
On its part the Political Bureau did not disappoint the nation. It submitted a
comprehensive Report to Government on March 27, 1987. The Report was detailed in
logic, profound in research, factual in presentation, and impartial in analysis
of our historical and political development, together with recommendations on
the way forward. The Report, no doubt, has become an indispensable encyclopaedia
on socio-political development of Nigeria, a scientific diagnosis of the
country’s political problems, together with recommended antidote to identified
ills.
For the government and those actively involved in the administration of the
Nigerian State, the Political Bureau Report will ever remain a Reference
material of immense value it was a compulsory text of members of the
CONSTITUTION REVIEW COMMITTEE (CRC) and the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (CA). It
enabled members to properly grasp the key issues and discharge their duties. It
is also worthy to note that the Bureau Report informed the design of Transition
to Civil Rule Programme.
For MAMS ER, the Political Bureau Report not only gave birth to the Directorate
but helped it to chart an acceptable course for its mobilisation strategies and
programmes. It also provided a background reading material of inexhaustible
value with vital insights and direction.
It is for these reasons plus our conviction that the wisdom contained in the
Report is an invaluable prerequisite for any meaningful social engineering
endeavour, that we decided to provide more copies of the document for the
reading public in the hope that wider circulation of the Report will act as a
catalyst toward the realisation of a free and democratic society in Nigeria.
On behalf of the Governing Board of the Directorate, I wish to encourage the
reading public to take time to study the contents of this Report, with a view to
facilitating the creation of a principled, purposeful, peaceful, disciplined and
development-oriented political culture in Nigeria. So help us God!
PROFESSOR JERRY GANA
CHAIRMAN
DIRECTORATE FOR SOCIAL MOBILISATION
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“THE SEARCH FOR A NEW POLITICAL ORDER”
Pages 4 - 6: Report of the Political Bureau (March 1987)
(An Address by General lbrahim Babangida. President and Commander-in-Chief of
the Armed Forces, Federal Republic of Nigeria at the Inauguration of the
Political Bureau at Abuja on January 13, 1986)
It should by now be clear to all that this Administration is firmly set on a
course of Government by consultation with the people. Since my assumption of
office, I have repeatedly reaffirmed my faith, and that of the Armed Forces
Ruling Council, in the sense of responsibility of the Nigerian people and their
responsiveness to challenges of whatever nature. Indeed, as a nation, we have
repeatedly demonstrated these qualities whenever the occasion arose.
Only a few months back, the whole nation undertook the IMF debate and, after
thoroughly considering the options, decided to forego the IMF Facility as well
as accept to bear the consequential hardship and sacrifices. We were indeed
encouraged by this debate. We were also gratified by the sincere and widespread
support repeatedly given to this Administration, especially after uncovering of
a plot to effect a bloody change of Government. I would like to believe that
this mutual confidence between the people and government is due to an
understanding that the intention and activities of government are geared towards
the good of all.
We are gathered here this morning to continue this process by inaugurating the
Political Bureau which I promised in my Budget address to the nation. Indeed,
this morning’s ceremony is intended to “kick off”, as it were, the national
debate on a viable future political ethos and structure for our dear country. I
am happy that the search for a new political order is taking place at Abuja, the
political capital of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
We are all familiar with the political conditions which brought about military
regimes. Invariably military administrations have come about as a result of bad
government; indeed, our present economic predicament can be attributed to the
nature and practice of partisan politics.
It has contributed, in part, to the increasing cynicism and apathy of
individuals, economic mismanagement as well as the apparent social chaos and
disorder in our society. It has also adversely affected our capacity, as a
nation, to realise our vast economic potentials. This Administration would
therefore like to shift our attention to the need to create a relevant political
system. Consistent with our stated philosophy of government, we are committed to
popular participation in the process of evolving such a viable political order.
In commemorating our country’s 25th anniversary as a Sovereign State, I reminded
the nation that what really lies at the bottom of our past dilemma is the
absence of a viable political arrangement. The political history of this nation
is partly one of disillusionment with politics and politicians. As you all know,
the history of the past twenty-five years has been dominated by this political
question. The search and solutions have hung around by this political system
without adequate care of the supportive values. Our search has been to remedy
immediate problems without sufficient attention to the long-term issues. Not
surprisingly, our efforts so far only succeeded in producing inept and
inherently unstable political arrangements, which have failed to syncronise our
cultural ideals with our economic and political potentials.
To put it differently, apart from the immediate and more visible problem of
salvaging our battered economy, our other task is to bring about a new political
culture which, like a veritable fountain head, would bring forth a stable,
strong and dynamic economy. Such an arrangement must enable us to harness the
vast human and natural resources of Nigeria towards building a cohesive and
self-reliant society. These ideas and values have already been clearly
articulated in the fundamental and directive principles of state policy as
enshrined in the 1979 Constitution.
This Administration is firmly committed to the realisation of these objectives.
Today, we commence the search for a new political order. The setting up of this
Political Bureau is the first step. As part of the strategy towards evolving a
viable political order, I expect the ensuing debate to capture the nature of the
threshold of the transition process. In particular. I expect the debate to come
up with suggestions as to how we can evolve a political system which can enable
us to aspire to a predictable political life. I believe the time is now ripe for
us to have a system which can guarantee an acceptable and painless succession
mechanism. Finally, I would want the debate, as far as possible, to be rooted in
a truly Nigerian political experience. Thus, I would expect the debate to
identify and clarify issues in a manner as to ensure a higher political order
that is capable of sustaining our enthusiasm for a healthy future.
It is important to point out, at this stage, that this Administration does not
conceive the Political Bureau as an agency set up simply to serve the national
political debate. The Political Bureau will do much more. In addition to
guiding, monitoring, analysing and documenting the national political debate,
the Bureau will provide an objective and indepth critique of our past political
experience in order to serve as background information for the debate. It will
also produce the blueprint of a new political model (or models) for the
consideration of the Administration. It shall be its responsibility to
eventually place options before this Administration as well
as work a realistic implementation programme for the agreed model.
Our primary political objective is to bequeath to posterity a new political
order that can endure stresses as well as contain the competitive demands in our
national life. Furthermore, the Bureau will ensure that Nigerians collectively
secure for themselves a more meaningful political future through open and free
debate. As an administration, we have stated our commitment to a decision-making
process that will always be guided by the principles of discussion and
consultation. We are committed to these basic tenets of democratic government,
and we will adhere to it in order to remove the mistrust attached to the
leadership by our people. We are convinced that we cannot truly make progress as
a nation unless and until we collectively take our destiny in our own hands. We
equally accept that the challenge of leadership dictates that government must
remain responsive to popular wishes in order to foster a sense of greater
belonging.
In this regard, it is important that all those who will contribute and
participate in the debate need not be afraid to be both daring and imaginative.
As you are well aware, we are committed to an order that will check the excesses
of government and the abuse of power by the political leadership. We shall
equally frown at a system in which a small group of individuals shall be allowed
to misuse power to the detriment of our national aspirations. Simply put, the
new arrangement must promote and enhance a self-reliant society.
As you ye well know, every socio-economic order has a political arrangement
appropriate to it. It will be the duty of the Political Bureau to suggest the
blueprint that will promote meaningful socio-economic development of our
country. However, and it is important to emphasise this, both this
Administration and the Political Bureau will have to operate within parameters
set by the will and aspirations of our people, as well as the historic
requirements that Nigeria should emerge, in the shortest possible time, as a
modern State of World Power Status. Therefore, you must see the search for the
new political order as the launching pad for the New Nigeria: prosperous,
humanist and stable at home, a nation that possesses real capability in the
African context, and one that commands and compels respect in international
affair
Today tne majority of our people must begin the process of altering the course
of our history for the better by debating and discussing our way forward. Let
the search for a new political order be the starting point for forging that
collective consciousness. It is a matter for every Nigerian. It is a matter that
touches on the stability, peace and progress of our nation. I urge you all to
participate in earnest in the debate. It is therefore the additional
responsibility of the Bureau to sensitise and energize the ordinary people
towards the search for this order.
I would like to warn that this Administration does not want a regurgitation of
the political models of the so-called advanced countries of the world. If this
were our desire, we would not have wasted your time and ours, by inviting you
here. Rather, we would simply have turned to the many volumes and various
encyclopaedia on these alien constitutions and political models. That should not
be your way forward. We share neither the political history nor the political
culture of these lands. Our demographic settings and social structures differ
vastly from theirs. We presently lack the sophisticated and advanced
industrialism that provides the economic foundations for these alien political
models.
At this juncture, I wish to make it abundantly clear that the ensuing debate is
not an open invitation for partisan politics. it is a collective search for a
new political order; it is a call for a country-wide debate in order to
illuminate our path towards the search. It is neither a call for political party
formation, nor the assertion of claims and plea for leadership on behalf of the
people. It is certainly not a call for post factor wholesale justification for
past systems and their operations both of which have failed us as a nation. The
exercise is a call to all Nigerians to search, identify and select options that
can lead this country to better heights.
This search will be conducted by a Political Bureau composed of men and women of
ideas and experience. I expect the Bureau will carry Out the assignment by
canvassing the view and opinions across the Federation. You should bear in mind
that our country is blessed with experienced and seasoned politicians,
administrators and industrialists. I implore you to tap and utilise their
collective experience for the good of our nation. The Bureau is also empowered
to make adequate administrative arrangements including the creation of zonal
centres in order to enable it reach as many people as possible.
I want to make it quite clear that government does not intend to abandon its
responsibility in this regard. We will not tolerate the emergence of ‘leaders of
thought” for any hamlet, village, town, local government area or community,
state or any combination of parts of sections of this country. The ban on
partisan political activities and political parties is still in force and shall
remain so until the AFRC has taken a decision on the report of the Political
Bureau.
The debate can, of course, be carried out by socio-economic groups; professional
associations can and should also participate. In short, participation must be
completely divorced from partisan leaning. It must not seek to muzzle or even
harness individuals’ views in the name of providing leadership at the
grassroots. In order to enhance wider participation therefore, I hereby lift the
ban on the Medical Association and the National Union of Students.
The Political Bureau shall comprise the following —
S.J. Cookey — Chairman Oye Oyediran Mrs. Hilda Adefarasin
E.O. Awa Tunde Adeniran Mrs. R.
Abdullahi
A.D. Yahaya S.E. Oyovbaire Ola Balogun
Haroun Adamu Bala Takaya Edwin Madunagu
Ibrahim HaliIu O.E. Uya Abdullahi
Augie -
Paschal Bafyau Sani Zahradeen Executive Secretary
In the course of my Budget Speech, I identified a number of factors which have
contributed to our political instability. I would like the Bureau to regard my
Budget Speech integrally with my present address as key notes for their work.
I hereby inaugurate the Political Bureau with the following terms of reference —
(a) Review Nigeria’s political history and identify the basic problems which
have led to our failure in the past and suggest ways of resolving and coping
with these problems.
(b) Identify a basic philosophy of government which will determine goals and
serve as a guide to the activities of governments.
(c) Collect relevant information and data for the Government as well as identify
other political problems that may arise from the debate.
(d) Gather, collate and evaluate the contributions of Nigerians to the search
for a viable political future and provide guidelines for the attainment of the
consensus objective.
(e) Deliberate on other political problems as may be referred to it from time to
time.
Finally, I wish to reiterate my promise in the Budget Speech to the effect that
this Administration will not stays day longer than it is absolutely necessary.
Your assignment must therefore provide time-sequences for the transition to be
achieved (by October 1, 1990).
I would like to end this address by commending you to Allah’s guidance. You are
about to embark on a difficult assignment, but I believe there is no greater
satisfaction than a call to serve one’s country. It is a call to duty. It is my
hope that the new political arrangement would enrich our faith and rekindle our
hope in the future of this great country.
Good luck end God bless.
